Narcissists are Codependents, Too

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narcissism, shame, and codependencyNarcissists and codependents are usually considered opposites, but surprisingly, though their outward behavior may differ, they share many psychological traits and symptoms of codependency.

One study showed a significant correlation between narcissism and codependency.* Although most narcissists can be classified as codependent, the reverse isn’t true – most codependents aren’t narcissists. They don’t exhibit common traits of exploitation, entitlement, and lack of empathy.

Narcissists exhibit core codependent symptoms of shame, denial, control, dependency (unconscious), and dysfunctional communication and boundaries, all leading to intimacy problems.

Dependency

Codependency is a disorder of a “lost self.” Codependents have lost their connection to their innate self. Instead, their thinking and behavior revolve around a person, substance, or process. Narcissists also suffer from a lack of connection to their true self. In its place, they’re identified with their ideal self. Their inner deprivation and lack of connection to their real self makes them dependent on others for validation. Consequently, like other codependents, their self-image, thinking, and behavior are other-oriented in order to stabilize and validate their self-esteem and fragile ego. Ironically, despite declared high self-regard, narcissists crave recognition from others and have an insatiable need to be admired – to get their “narcissistic supply.” This makes them as dependent on recognition from others as an addict is on their addiction.

Shame

Shame is at the core of codependency and addiction. It stems from growing up in a dysfunctional family. Narcissists’ inflated self-opinion is commonly mistaken for self-love. However, exaggerated self-flattery and arrogance merely assuage unconscious, internalized shame that is common among codependents. Children develop different ways of coping with the anxiety, insecurity, and hostility that they experience growing up in dysfunctional families. Internalized shame can result despite parents’ good intentions and lack of overt abuse.

To feel safe, children adopt coping patterns that give rise to an ideal self. One strategy is to accommodate other people and seek their love, affection, and approval. Another is to seek recognition, mastery, and domination over others. Stereotypical codependents fall into the first category, and narcissists the second. They seek power and control of their environment in order to get their needs met. Their pursuit of prestige, superiority, and power helps them to avoid feeling inferior, vulnerable, needy, and helpless at all costs. These ideals are natural human needs; however, for codependents and narcissists, they’re compulsive and thus neurotic. Additionally, the more a person pursues their ideal self, the further they depart from their real self, which only increases their insecurity, false self, and sense of shame. (For more about these patterns and how shame and codependency co-emerge in childhood, see Conquering Shame and Codependency.)

Denial

Denial is a core symptom of codependency. Codependents are generally in denial of their codependency and often their feelings and many needs. Similarly, narcissists deny feelings, particularly those that express vulnerability. Many won’t admit to feelings of inadequacy, even to themselves. They disown and often project onto others feelings that they consider “weak,” such as longing, sadness, loneliness, powerlessness, guilt, fear, and variations of them. Anger makes them feel powerful. Rage, arrogance, envy, and contempt are defenses to underlying shame.

Codependents deny their needs, especially emotional needs, which were neglected or shamed growing up. Some codependents act self-sufficient and readily put others’ needs first. Other codependents are demanding of people to satisfy their needs. Narcissists also deny emotional needs. They won’t admit that they’re being demanding and needy, because having needs makes them feel dependent and weak. They judge it as needy. Although narcissists don’t usually put the needs of others first, some narcissists are actually people-pleasers and can be very generous.

In addition to securing the attachment of those they depend on, often their motive is for recognition or to feel superior or grandiose by virtue of the fact that they’re able to aid people they consider inferior. Like other codependents, they may feel exploited by and resentful toward the people they help. Many narcissists hide behind a facade of self-sufficiency and aloofness when it comes to needs for emotional closeness, support, grieving, nurturing, and intimacy. The quest of power protects them from experiencing the humiliation of feeling weak, sad, afraid, or wanting or needing anyone—ultimately, to avoid rejection and feeling shame. Only the threat of abandonment reveals how dependent they truly are.

Dysfunctional Boundaries

Like other codependents, narcissists have unhealthy boundaries, because theirs weren’t respected growing up. They don’t experience other people as separate but as extensions of themselves. As a result, they project thoughts and feelings onto others and blame them for their shortcomings and mistakes, all of which they cannot tolerate in themselves. Additionally, the lack of boundaries makes them thin-skinned, highly reactive, and defensive and causes them to take everything personally. Most codependents share these patterns of blame, reactivity, defensiveness, and taking things personally. The behavior and degree or direction of feelings might vary, but the underlying process is similar. For example, many codependents react with self-criticism, self-blame, or withdrawal, while others react with aggression and criticism or blame of someone else. Yet, both behaviors are reactions to shame and demonstrate dysfunctional boundaries. (In some cases, confrontation or withdrawal might be an appropriate response, but not if it’s a habitual, compulsive reaction.)

Dysfunctional Communication

Like other codependents, narcissists’ communication is dysfunctional. They generally lack assertiveness skills. Their communication often consists of criticism, demands, labeling, and other forms of verbal abuse. On the other hand, some narcissists intellectualize, obfuscate, and are indirect. Like other codependents, they find it difficult to identify and clearly state their feelings. Although they may express opinions and take positions more easily than other codependents, they frequently have trouble listening and are dogmatic and inflexible. These are signs of dysfunctional communication that evidence insecurity and lack of respect for the other person.

Control

Like other codependents, narcissists seek control. Control over our environment helps us to feel safe. The greater our anxiety and insecurity, the greater is our need for control. When we’re dependent on others for our security, happiness, and self-worth, what people think, say, and do become paramount to our sense of well-being and even safety. We’ll try to control them directly or indirectly with people-pleasing, lies, or manipulation. If we’re frightened or ashamed of our feelings, such as anger or grief, then we attempt to control our feelings. Other people’s anger or grief will upset us, so that they must be avoided or controlled, too.

Intimacy

Finally, the combination of all these patterns makes intimacy challenging for narcissists and codependents, alike. Relationships can’t thrive without clear boundaries that afford partners freedom and respect. They require that we’re autonomous, have assertive communication skills, and self-esteem. If you have a relationship with a narcissist, read more about Narcissistic Personality Disorder, and check out my book, Dealing with a Narcissist: How to Raise Self-Esteem and Set Boundaries with Difficult People.

* Irwin, H. J. (1995) Codependence, Narcissism, and Childhood Trauma. Journal of Clinical Psychology 51:5.

 ©Darlene Lancer 2017

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Mrs.
Mrs.
1 year ago

Thank you for the insight. Some people are just into the needy person to make them feel valuable and being wanted.

LauriEssence
LauriEssence
3 years ago

I’ve Been Attracting the Needy Narcissist Since I Was Twelve, I Really Did Not Understand the Meaning of Healthy Love, So I Went for the Words
“I Love You” and They Always Came with Black Eyes and Broken Bones. At 52 I Realized or Came to Conclusion I Deserved Better, I Deserved to Know Real Love. I’m Almost 57, Been Alone Now Four Years. Loving Yourself is the Key, it Starts with Many Tears Through Self-Forgiveness. I Have Arrived, I Know Love and No One Can Take That Away, There’s Not Much I Accept, Not Much Walks Through My Door.

MsRhuby Star-Diamond
MsRhuby Star-Diamond
1 year ago
Reply to  LauriEssence

I was 51 when I decided to find out what love is. I didn’t get black eyes or broken bones. I’m happy to read you survived. There must have been something about how our generation was raised.

B-YOUNG
B-YOUNG
4 years ago

Thank you. This understanding couldn’t have come at a better time. I walked away 17 days ago, from a 22 month relationship that evolved in a direction that became more confusing/complicated as it progressed.
Wish I hadn’t disregarded subtle early signs. Understanding has been difficult, but helping me forgive…..myself and other party from a distance.

Darlene Lancer, LMFT
3 years ago
Reply to  B-YOUNG

Do practice self-forgiveness. See my blog and ebook on the subject as well as several blogs on breakups and self-love. Listening to my Breakup Recovery Seminarand Self-Love Meditation may be helpful, too.

Gabriele
Gabriele
5 years ago

Thank you, Darlene, for your always very clear instructions and descriptions. They are lights on the path for me.

Eric
Eric
5 years ago

In addition to Darlene’s works I have found Meditations by Marcus Aurelius to be a huge help. My biggest hangup was and is with getting caught up in what others are thinking. My self-esteem was so low that anyone I spoke to I allowed a chance to hurt me.

One of the key lessons in Meditations is a centralized locus of control. In particular it emphasizes the insignificance of the opinions of other people. In reading and re-reading Meditations has helped me find myself again by delving inward and focusing on my own self not the opinions of others. Opinions, praise, fame are all cheap and meaningless. Tune them out and focus on being good.

Gabriele
Gabriele
5 years ago
Reply to  Eric

Dear Eric,
your last sentence really rings with me. Living as a codependent with a close to malignant narcissist, I hear myself repeatingly saying: “try to do a good deed instead”.

Mel
Mel
6 years ago

I’ve come to conclude the same thing about narcissists. Unhealthy people are very similar underneath, but the behaviors will manifest differently as a result of childhood trauma.

I saw both of these characteristics in me, the codependent and the narcissist. In some people it’s more clear cut, like they can either relate to more pronounced traits of the codependent or the narcissist. I lean more towards the codependent, but I do believe many people are both depending on the circumstance.

Bottom line: both are curable when one gets in touch with their true self, rewires their patterns, and develops healthy boundaries.

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